Capítulo 2 – Días de la Semana, Colores, Materias y Ropa

In this chapter you will learn the days of the week, colors, subjects and articles of clothing in Spanish. Please check some of the links under "Fave" Links to start learning this material really well. Also, study the PowerPoints I downloaded in Edmodo.

I found another silly video to learn the days of the week here: Días (click the word). You can find many others in YouTube. Another video here: Días2. To say "On Mondays" you say "los lunes." To say "On Tuesday" you say "el martes." "Lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves y viernes" don't change for singular or plural forms: el lunes, el martes, el miércoles, el jueves, el viernes; or, los lunes, los martes, los miércoles, los jueves, los viernes. But, for Saturday and Sunday (sábado y domingo) it changes. You say: el sábado, el domingo and los sábados, los domingos. Please write this down in your notebooks.

How do you say "yesterday"? Ayer. How about "the day before yesterday"? Anteayer or antier, both terms are acceptable. Some people prefer one or the other. They say "antier" was first mostly used in rural areas, but now many people use this word. I say "antier" other people say "anteayer" and other people even say "el día antes de ayer."

How do you say "the day after tomorrow"? Pasado mañana. (Remember: "tomorrow" is mañana). To say weekend, you say: el fin de semana; and to say weekends, you say: los fines de semana.

Spanish.about.com says that "like other adjectives, names of the common colors when used in Spanish must agree with the nouns they describe in both gender and number. However, names of some of the more unusual colors are treated differently in Spanish than they are in English. Also, in most cases, names of colors come after the nouns they describe, not before as in English." Check: Colores for more information on colors. Also: Colores2. There are some exceptions to the rules: the colors "violeta" (purple), café (brown), and "naranja" (orange) don't change. When you use these colors, the words remain the same for all genders and whether they are singular or plural. Another example of this is the color "crema" for cream. Please check the handout on "Colores" that I gave you.

These are some examples of how some colors change (like other adjectives, only the ones that end with "o" change to "a" for feminine forms): La blusa blanca... La camisa roja... La chaqueta amarilla... La falda rosada... La faja negra... La camiseta morada..., etc. or la camisa es roja, la falda es rosada, etc. You can also say: Ella tiene una blusa blanca or ella lleva una blusa blanca (she has a white blouse or she is wearing a white blouse); or la blusa de Marta es blanca (Marta's blouse is white).

If I ask: ¿De qué color es la blusa de Susana? You can respond: La blusa de Susana es blanca or la blusa de Susana es azul (or enter whatever color you want). If you answer with the words "de color," then the word for the original color remains: la blusa es de color blanco, la falda es de color morado (instead of la blusa es blanca and la falda es morada).

Colors like: verde, gris, marrón or café, azul -and others ending in "e" or a consonant- don't change with feminine nouns (colors like café and violeta can remain the same for plural forms). Examples: La falda gris. La camiseta azul (but if you want to say the "light blue T-Shirt," then you say la camiseta azul clara or la camiseta celeste), los pantalones  café, la blusas violeta. The words "claro" (for light) and "oscuro" (for dark) do change like regular adjectives (the "o" becomes "a" for feminine forms). To change to plural forms the rule for nouns applies: add "s" to colors that end in a vowel and add "es" to colors that end in a consonant. Practice how to make plural the singular forms of colors and days of the week. Check the most basic colors below, and remember that purple can also be morado, and marrón can also be café.

TEST: On November 12, 2013 you will have a test on Capítulo 2 - Leccion B (Vocab. I), especially the information on this blog, textbook pages 60 to 70 (skip pg. 63) workbook pages 31, 32, 33 (#5 only), 34, and 35. Study the PowerPoints in Edmodo (for this chapter). I will include Present Tense of -AR verbs, Colors, Days of the Week, Subjects and Articles of Clothing. It is a lot of material, so I'm hoping that you are studying a little bit every day, please don't leave the studying for the day before the test. Create index cards, review the workbook and textbook, ask me questions, check the Spanish Blog links, etc.

Quiz: You will have a quiz on November 20, 2013 on Reflexive Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives and Negative Sentences. I decided not to include these on the Test of November 12.

Capítulo 2 - En mi colegio

This month of October we will try to complete all of Lesson A and part of Lesson B, from this Chapter (Capítulo 2). I asked you on Friday (10/11/13) to write all the new vocabulary from Vocabulario II (Lección A) in your notebooks with their respective definite and indefinite articles. It is essential that you memorize these new words with their respective articles, and that you learn to change them to their plural forms too. Please remember the rules for adding the definite and indefinite articles to nouns, and the rules on how to change to their plural forms.

Usually nouns that end in "o," are masculine; and nouns that end in "a," are feminine. But as you learned, there are some exceptions: la mano (not "el mano"), el mapa (not "la mapa") and "el día" (not "la día"). Also, el problema (not "la problema"), el tema (not "la tema"). If a noun is masculine and singular you add the definite article "el." If a noun is feminine and singular you add the definite article "la." If a noun is masculine and plural the definite article is "los." If a noun is feminine and plural the definite article is "las." Check below to review both definite and indefinite articles.

Remember that nouns are words that name a person, place, thing or idea. They can refer to "living things," or "non-living things." In Spanish all nouns have gender, they can be masculine or feminine. Most nouns that refer to males are usually masculine, and most nouns that refer to females are usually feminine. Examples of masculine nouns are: el hombre, el chico, el muchacho, el conductor, el profesor, el escritor, el turista. Examples of feminine nouns are: la mujer, la chica, la muchacha, la profesora, la escritora, la turista. 

Most masculine nouns (for "living things") end in "o," "or," "ista." Most feminine nouns (for "living things") end in "a," "ora," "ista." Some nouns (like "turista" and "artista") have identical endings in masculine and feminine forms. So, in those cases, gender is indicated by the article. Other examples are "joven" and "estudiante." 

Examples of masculine nouns that refer to "non-living things" are: el cuaderno, el bolígrafo, el problema, el autobús. Examples of feminine nouns that refer to "non-living things" are: la palabra, la conversación, la profesión, la lección, la nacionalidad, la vecindad. Common endings for masculine nouns ("non-living things") are "o," "ma," and "s." And for feminine nouns ("non-living things") are "a," "ción," "sión," and "dad." As seen above, there are exceptions to these rules. This is why you SHOULD memorize each noun with its article (el or la). 

Once you know that the definite article of a noun is "el," you will know that the indefinite article is "un." Example: "el libro" - "un libro." The plural form is "los libros - unos libros." Practice this with all the new vocabulary words from this chapter. Spanish nouns that end in a vowel, form the plural by adding "s." Other examples: "el diccionario" - "los diccionarios," "la fotografía - "las fotografías." 

For nouns that end in a consonant, add "es" to form the plural. Examples: "la comunidad - las comunidades," "el profesor - los profesores," "la conversación - las conversaciones." Notice that for the word "conversaciones" the accent was dropped, because the emphasis is not placed on the "o" anymore. Nouns that end with a "z" change the "z" to "ces." Examples: "el lápiz - los lápices," "la cruz - las cruces," and "la luz - las luces."

Also remember that if you have a group of males and females, you will refer to them as "los chicos," or "los muchachos." In Spanish, the masculine plural form is used to refer to a group that includes males and females.

You will have a TEST on Singular and Plural Nouns (from "Capítulo 2 - En mi colegio") and its Definite and Indefinite Articles on Thursday, October 24, 2013. Study Capítulo 2, Lección A, Vocabulario II. You must know the vocabulary from pages 48 and 49; and also know how to spell these words properly. Please check Edmodo, I have more detailed information there. I also added a very good PowerPoint on Nouns and Definite and Indefinite Articles. If you have any questions, feel free to ask Señora Feld.