Stem-Changing Verbs & Body Parts in Spanish

On Tuesday, April 30^th you will have a Quiz on the "Verbo Pensar" and other -AR Stem-Changing Verbs (only the Present Tense of Stem-Changing verbs E:EI that end in -AR, like cerrar, empezar, comenzar, calentar, pensar). The Quiz will also include the 15 vocabulary words learned in class (body parts in Spanish) - "Las Partes del Cuerpo."

Vocabulary words: cuerpo, cabeza, pelo, cara, ojo(s), nariz, boca, diente(s), oreja(s), cuello, brazo(s), mano(s), dedo(s), pierna(s), pie(s). Learn the definite and indefinite articles that go with these vocabulary words.

Test: On Wednesday, May 8^th you will have a Test on the Quiz material (check top paragraph) and other Stem-Changing Verbs E:EI (verbs ending in -ER and -IR, like querer, encender, perder, entender, preferir, sentir, mentir). You MUST know the meaning of these verbs! Also Textbook page 238 (Demonstrative Adjectives). Check: Adjetivos Demostrativos (click this link). See examples below - at the end.

Please review the following handouts: G&V  pages 75 (Verbo Pensar), 76, 77, 79; Textbook pages 231, 232 and 233 (Exercises No. 10, 11 and 13); Workbook pages 104, 105, 162 and 164. You can review Sr. Jordan's video: Verbos E:EI (click link) or find the video under "Fave" Links on the right. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask Mrs. Feld.

You must review (and memorize) the endings of "Verbos -AR, -ER and -IR" to be able to properly conjugate the Stem-Changing Verbs mentioned above. 

Remember that the endings of -AR verbs start with "a" for "nosotros" (amos), the endings of -ER verbs start with "e" for "nosotros" (emos), and the endings of -IR verbs start with "i" for "nosotros" (imos). This is a good way to remember the endings for "nosotros." Notice that for "vosotros" is a little different, but you can follow the same rule - the only difference is that for "Verbos -IR" the ending is "ís" (just two letters). 

Practice conjugating ALL the stem-changing verbs mentioned above, by yourself, to do well on the test. Remember: for "nosotros" and "vosotros" you do not change the E to IE, you only change it for all the other persons (yo, tú, él, ella, usted, ellos, ellas, ustedes). Another rule I mentioned in class to remember is: that in stem-changing verbs with two syllables only the first "e" changes to "ie" (i.e. pensar, querer, cerrar, sentir), and in stem-changing verbs with three syllables only the second "e" changes to "ie" - in a verb with three syllables and more than two "e's" (i.e. entender, empezar, encender). In a verb like "comenzar" it's easy to know that it's only the "e" that changes to "ie" for all the persons except "nosotros" and "vosotros."

Class Review

To ask "What are you thinking?" or "What are you thinking about?" in Spanish, you use the "gerund" - pensando: ¿Qué estás pensando? or ¿En qué estás pensando? Possible answers: Estoy pensando en el examen de español, estoy pensando en la tarea de inglés. Practice answering these questions in Spanish.

 To ask "Whom are you thinking of?" - you can ask ¿En quién estás pensando? Possible responses: Estoy pensando en mi novio, estoy pensando en mis abuelos, estoy pensando en mi familia, estoy pensando en ... (person or persons). Practice answering these questions in Spanish.

Other ways of asking the same questions using the present tense of the Verbo Pensar are as follows: ¿Qué piensas? ¿Qué piensa usted? ¿En qué piensas? ¿En quién piensas? (Pienso en mi familia). Other examples are: ¿Qué piensas hacer? ¿Qué piensas hacer el sábado? Possible answers: Pienso ir al cine, pienso ir de paseo al parque Pennypack, pienso ir al concierto de Justin Biever, pienso estudiar para el examen de español, etc. Come up with other examples, for practice. (Check your handouts!)

If you ask ¿Qué piensas de la clase de música? you are asking "What do you think about the Music class?" What do you think about the Spanish teacher? - ¿Qué piensas de la profesora de español? etc. When using ¿Qué piensas de...?  you are asking someone's opinion on something or someone. "When pensar is combined with de you are asking for an opinion." Your response could be: ¡Pienso que es excelente!

Other examples with ¿Qué piensas de...? and possible responses: ¿Qué piensas de Laura? Laura es una chica muy buena, Laura es muy bonita, Laura es muy simpática, ella es muy divertida, etc. ¿Qué piensas de Ramón? Ramón es muy guapo, él es muy cómico, él es muy loco, ¡él es pura vida!(the Costa Rican expression for "cool").

If you want to respond "I'm thinking about going shopping" or "I think about going shopping" you could say "Estoy pensando ir de compras," or "Pienso ir de compras." When pensar is accompanied by another verb (an infinitive) you do not add "en" or "que." Anytime you want to respond: pienso ir, pienso hacer, pienso comprar, pienso caminar, pienso comer, pienso ayudar, pienso viajar, pienso ver, pienso tener, etc. you DO NOT add "en" or "que" to your response!

Practice - Mention the Parts of the Body in Spanish that you learned in class (there are a few you didn't learn yet):

 Add: cabeza, cara, dientes, cuello, cuerpo (lots of "C" words!). Learn the definite and indefinite articles that go with these vocabulary words. Extra words: hombro(s) - shoulder(s), rodilla(s) - knee(s), codo(s) - elbow(s).

Demonstrative Adjectives (examples): 

-  este libro (this book). Use "este" with a masculine-singular noun.

-  estos libros (these books). Use "estos" with a masculine-plural noun.

-  esta pluma (this pen). Use "esta" with a feminine-singular noun.

-  estas plumas (these pens). Use "estas" with a feminine-plural noun.

-  ese libro (that book). Use "ese" with a masculine-singular noun.

-  esos libros (those books). Use "esos" with a masculine-plural noun.

-  esa pluma (that pen). Use "esa" with a feminine-singular noun.

-  esas plumas (those pens). Use "esas" with a feminine-plural noun.

-  aquel libro (that book over there). Use "aquel" with a masculine-singular noun.

-  aquellos libros (those books over there). Uses "aquellos" with a masculine-plural noun.

-  aquella pluma (that pen over there). Use "aquella" with a feminine-singular noun.

-  aquellas plumas (those pens over there). Use "aquellas" with a feminine-plural noun.

Please work on pages 108 and 109 of your Workbook to review the demonstrative adjectives.

Also check: Demonstrative Adjectives1 and Demonstrative Adjectives2.

 

Números en español - 31 y más

Please copy the following in your notebooks, or copy, paste on a Word Document and print for yourself. Suggestion: practice writing down the numbers to learn them better. You should have these notes to understand "higher numbers" in Spanish. This information is from the video I showed you today (from the Vistas Website).

Like I said in class, for Thursday's quiz you must know the numbers 100 to 1,000 in Spanish and the few others learned in class today. You must review numbers 1 - 100, so that if you have to write the number 625 in Spanish you will immediately know that it is "seiscientos veinticinco. You must also memorize the months of the year in Spanish. Check the previous blog entries.

One hundred (100) in Spanish is "cien." You don't use "un" or "una" or "una" with cien or with mil (1.000). Now "cien" doesn't change with gender and is only used with plural nouns (just like "mil"), you cannot say "cien libro" (one hundred book) - you MUST say "cien libros." Examples: cien sillas, cien faldas, cien cuadernos, cien pupitres, cien chicos, cien chicas, cien dólares, etc. The same for "mil" for one thousand, you can say: mil dólares, mil pupitres, mil chicos, mil chicas, mil libros, mil ventanas, mil personas, etc. (note: "mil" doesn't change with gender). You can only use "mil" with plural nouns and you don't mention "one." You don't say "un mil" or "uno mil," only "mil."

If someone asks ¿Cuántos libros hay en la biblioteca? (How many books there are in the library?) You could respond: Hay cien libros or Hay mil libros. And if someone asks: ¿Cuántas fotos hay en el álbum? (How many photos are there in the album? You could respond: Hay cien fotos.

For numbers higher than 100, like 101, you say "ciento" and the number one - uno: "ciento uno." For 102 - ciento dos, for 103 - ciento tres, etc. But pay attention to the following: to say one hundred books, you say "ciento un libros" (note that "un" remains singular and in this case you use the masculine form because "libros" is a masculine word).

You also say "ciento una mochilas" or "ciento una chicas" with feminine words,  even when using plural words "una" remains singular. Practice this! This applies to other numbers when mentioning any numbers like 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, 601, 701, 801, 901, 1.001 (1,001 in Spanish), etc.

What does it mean "¿Cuántos jóvenes hay en el parque? Possible answer: "Cien jóvenes" (for one hundred young people) or simply "Cientos" (for hundreds) or "Cientos de jóvenes."

"Cien menos sesenta y cuatro son treinta y seis pesos de cambio" means "The change for one hundred minus sixty four is thirty six pesos." 

Practice the numbers 100 to 1,000 over and over! And remember that the numbers 200 to 999 agree in gender with the nouns they modify. So doscientos changes to doscientas when you're talking about 200 backpacks: "doscientas mochilas." Other examples: "trescientas personas," "cuatrocientas ventanas," "quinientas chicas," etc.

324 bags = trescientas veinticuatro bolsas (feminine)
562 pages = quinientas sesenta y dos páginas (feminine)
605 hats = seiscientos cinco sombreros (masculine)
etc.

1.000 = mil (note that in Spanish you use a period instead of a comma)
1.100 = mil cien
1.200 = mil doscientos
1.300 = mil trescientos
1.400 = mil cuatrocientos
1.500 = mil quinientos
1.600 = mil seiscientos
1.700 = mil setecientos
1.800 = mil ochocientos
1.900 = mil novecientos
2.000 = dos mil
3.000 = tres mil
4.000 = cuatro mil
5.000 = cinco mil, etc.
10.000 = diez mil
20.000 = veinte mil
50.000 = cincuenta mil
100.000 = cien mil
200.000 = doscientos mil
1.000.000 = un millón
8.000.000 = ocho millones

"millón" has a plural form - "millones" (the accent is dropped)

dos millones de clientes - two million clients (note that the word "de" is placed between the number and the noun). Other examples: un millón de hombres, tres millones de dólares, un millón de personas, un millón de chicas, un millón de chicos, dos millones de mochilas, cuatro millones de programas, etc. (it doesn't change with gender, just if the nound is singular or plural).

To express complete numbers in Spanish, you string together their component parts. Examples:  587 = 500 + 80 + 7 = quinientos ochenta y siete. 793 = 700 + 90 + 3 = setecientos noventa y tres. 5.241 = 5.000 + 200 + 40 + 1 = cinco mil doscientos cuarenta y uno. And 55.422 = 55.000 + 400 + 22 = cincuenta y cinto mil cuatroscientos veintidós.

Don't forget to study the "Estructura" on page 212! Any questions? Please feel free to ask Mrs. Feld.

Quiz: Thursday, April 11, 2013 (study Months of the Year, Numbers - especially 100 - 1.000 and handouts on Numbers).
Test:  Friday, April 19, 2013 (study Quiz material, information on this Blog Entry, plus "Estructuras" on pages 212 and 214, and whatever we cover this week and next week before test - including "Verbos Tener y Venir," Textbook Exercises "Vocabulario II," the G & V handouts pages 71 and 72 and Workbook Assignment pages 91, 92, 94-96). Review the last Test - only the sections on "Verbo Tener" and "Verbo Venir."

Remember the following vocabulary (Workbook pages 91, 94 and Textbook page 201 and 202): hoy, ayer, anteayer, mañana, pasado mañana, semana, la semana que viene, la semana pasada, cumpleaños (¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?), days of the week (lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes, sábado, domingo), el fin de semana, Noche Vieja (31 de diciembre), Año Nuevo (primero de enero), fue (past tense of ser, only for the third person), example: ayer fue miércoles.

Tarea - viernes, 5 de abril del 2013

Chicas: Siento no poder estar en la clase hoy! Mi hija menor está enferma y tiene una cita con el médico. (What am I saying here?)

The teacher will give you two handouts (one with a list of numbers that you must write in Spanish, the other one, explaining how to say the "higher" numbers in Spanish). We will review the numbers again on Monday, and you don't have to complete this assignment today, but MUST start it and do as much as possible! At home you can check the videos I mentioned on the previous blog entry (also under "Fave" Links - NUMBERS and Números 100 y Más).

You must MEMORIZE the months of the year in Spanish and the numbers shown on the card (100 - 1.000) in the previous blog entry. You will have a quiz on Thursday, April 11. Remember: in Spanish you use a period instead of a comma (Example: 1.000 instead of 1,000). For decimals you use a comma instead of a period (the opposite from English) - 4,52 instead of 4.52.  Test: viernes, 19 de abril del 2013 (including "dates" in Spanish).

Check the following sites: "Más 1" and "Más 2" (click these links). You can find a lot more online. I hope you completed pages 71 and 72 from the Grammar & Vocab. Workbook I gave you on Wednesday (miércoles, 3 de abril). You will hand them in to Señora Feld on Monday. You can try to print the following page: Repaso - please complete too.

Those of you who had difficulties with the "Direct Object Pronouns" MUST write down all the sentences (from the Test) with the proper direct object pronouns, and hand them in to Señora Feld on Monday.

I will collect your Workbooks next week (el viernes, 12 de abril) to check pages 91, 92, 94 - 96 (that I had asked you to complete).

¡Gracias! (Thanks for your cooperation!)